Chinese Yew (Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilger) Florin), primarily distributed in the Gongga Mountain Nature Reserve, is a first-class nationally protected plant in China.

A species of evergreen tree or shrub in the genus Taxus (family Taxaceae), it can grow up to 30 meters tall. Its leaves are lanceolate or needle-like, arranged spirally or in opposite pairs. The plant is dioecious (male and female cones on separate plants):

Male cones are solitary or clustered in spike-like formations.

Female cones appear singly or in pairs.

The seeds are berry- or drupe-like, enveloped in a fleshy aril.

Flowering period: February–March | Fruiting period: October–November.

Named for its cherry-sized red "bean" fruits that emerge in autumn, the Chinese yew typically grows in subtropical or warm-temperate broadleaf forests (e.g., Yunnan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian). It thrives naturally at 1,000–1,500 meters elevation, favoring shaded, drought-tolerant, and cold-resistant environments. Reproduction occurs via seeds or asexual propagation.

Medicinal & Ecological Significance

Ancient use: Documented in Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu, 16th century) for treating kidney disorders, diabetes, cholera, and digestive ailments. Its extracts were used to promote longevity and vitality.

Modern medicine: The compound paclitaxel (taxol), derived from its bark, is a chemotherapy drug for metastatic ovarian and breast cancers.

Ornamental value: Planted in gardens for its year-round foliage.

Conservation status: A relict species from the Quaternary glaciation, its slow growth and low regeneration rate have earned it the title "panda of the plant kingdom."